Research on Wheel Wear of HXD2C Electric Locomotive

沙永龙

常崇义

硕士

中国铁道科学研究院

轮缘磨耗;;机车动力学模型;;车轮型面;;动力学指标

随着我国铁路运输朝着高速化和重载化方向的不断发展,列车的运行安全已成为全社会日益关注的问题。轮对作为机车车辆重要的承载部件,其质量好坏直接关系到列车运行的稳定性和乘坐的舒适性。从现场运用数据来看,大功率和谐型机车车轮损伤形式主要有踏面擦伤、剥离、轮缘磨耗及车轮多边形等,而尤以轮缘异常磨耗对轮对的使用寿命影响最大。因此,对车轮的轮缘磨耗问题进行研究,不仅有利于提高机车运行的安全性和稳定性,而且可以极大的降低检修成本,具有重要的工程意义和经济价值。本文以HXD2C型电力机车为研究对象,基于机车及运行线路的实际参数,运用多体动力学仿真软件UM,建立了机车动力学模型对轮缘磨耗问题进行研究。首先,对该型机车轮对的检修及运用数据进行现场调研,按照轴位对轮缘厚度分布情况进行统计分析,总结得出该型机车二、五轴位的轮缘磨耗速度最快,一、六轴位次之,三、四轴位磨耗较慢,并得到了机车轮缘磨耗量与运行公里数之间的关系。其次,利用MiniProf Wheel型面测量专用工具对轮对型面数据进行现场测量,从实测数据中选取六种典型轮缘厚度的车轮分别代表六种不同的磨耗状态,对车轮从标准型面I磨耗至近限型面VI的整个磨耗过程进行分析。再次,利用UM中建立的机车动力学模型,选用Archard轮轨磨耗模型,以机车的LKJ参数来设计线路工况,采用迭代计算的方法对车轮磨耗进行仿真,并将仿真计算的结果与现场实测所得数据进行比对分析,结果表明在初始车轮型面参数相同的情况下,机车运行10万公里后,第二轴位轮对的轮缘磨耗速度明显快于一、三轴位,与现场调查情况较为一致。最后,对机车车辆运行的稳定性、平稳性和安全性三项动力学指标进行验证分析,结果均满足我国铁路机车的评价标准。随着机车修程修制改革不断向纵深发展,本文从机车检修与运用的实际出发,提出了现场针对车轮磨耗问题所采取的措施,在保证机车安全运行的同时且节约了检修成本,具有较大的现实意义和经济效益。

With the continuous development of high speed and heavy load railway transportation in China,the safety of train operation has become an issue of increasing concern to the whole society.As an important bearing component of locomotives,the quality of the wheel set is directly related to the stability of the train operation and the comfort of riding.Judging from the field application data,high-power harmonious locomotive wheel damage mainly includes tread abrasion,peeling,flange wear and wheel polygons,etc.,especially the abnormal wear of the flange has the greatest impact on the service life of the wheel set.Therefore,studying the problem of wheel flange wear is not only beneficial to improve the safety and stability of locomotive operation,but also can greatly reduce the maintenance cost,and has important engineering significance and economic value.This paper takes HXD2 C electric locomotive as the research object,based on the actual parameters of the locomotive and the running line,and uses the multi-body dynamics simulation software UM to establish the locomotive dynamic model to study the problem of wheel flange wear.First of all,on-site investigation of the repair and application data of this type of locomotive wheel pair,statistical analysis of the distribution of the thickness of the flange according to the axle position,it is concluded that the flange wear speed of the second and fifth axle positions of this locomotive is the fastest The six-axle position is followed by the three-and four-axle positions with slower wear,and the relationship between the wheel flange wear and the number of kilometers traveled is obtained.Secondly,the MiniProf Wheel profile measurement special tool was used to conduct on-site measurement of the wheelset profile data.Six wheels with typical flange thicknesses were selected from the measured data to represent six different wear states,and the wheels were worn from the standard profile I The entire wear process to the near-limit profile VI is analyzed.Thirdly,using the locomotive dynamic model established in UM,the Archard wheel-rail wear model is selected,and the line conditions are designed with the LKJ parameters of the locomotive.The iterative calculation method is used to simulate the wheel wear,and the results of the simulation calculation are compared and analyzed with the field measured data.The results show that under the same initial wheel profile parameters,after the locomotive runs 100,000 kilometers,the flange wear speed of the second axle wheelset is significantly faster than that of the first and third axle positions,which is morecomparable to the on-site investigation.Finally,the three dynamic indexes of the stability,smoothness and safety of locomotive running are verified and analyzed,and the results meet the evaluation standards of railway locomotives in China.As the locomotive repair system reform continues to develop in depth,this article puts forward the measures taken on the site of wheel wear on the basis of the actual locomotive repair and application,which ensures the safe operation of the locomotive while saving the cost of repair Great practical significance and economic benefits.