Taxonomic Revision of Hypericaceae from Pan-Himalaya

黄今

张志翔

硕士

北京林业大学

金丝桃科;;金丝桃属;;分类修订;;分子生物学;;泛喜马拉雅

根据APGIV系统,金丝桃科Hypericaceae全球共有约9属500余种,除两极和热带荒漠外全球广布,具有园艺、药用等多方面利用价值。自1753年林奈发表金丝桃属Hypericum以来,金丝桃属至今已有约500种。泛喜马拉雅地区金丝桃属物种数量繁多,种间差异小而种内变异大。由于研究不够充分,以往的研究者及采集队过于重视个体变异而忽略居群内变异,且现有标本材料及采集信息鲜有完整的记录,因此截止目前并没有关于泛喜马拉雅地区金丝桃科物种开展全面而系统的分类修订工作。此外,尽管研究者们对惠林花Lianthus ellipticifolius的系统位置有许多争议,但由于近三十年来没有人采集到惠林花的标本,因此迄今为止尚无针对惠林花属系统位置的研究。本研究考证了泛喜马拉雅地区及其周边地区所涉及的金丝桃科学名86个,查阅国内外53座主要标本馆,总计约7000份标本,并在陕西秦岭、云南西北部、四川南部等地采集居群标本总计351号800余份,并收集分子样约400份。对金丝梅复合体(H.henryi、H.patulum及H.uralum)的744份标本进行观察测量,认为萼片形状、萼片先端蚀刻有无、蒴果长度等性状并不足以作为分种依据;对西藏金丝桃复合体(H.trigonum、H.himalaicum及H.ludlowii)的413份标本进行观察测量,认为茎形态、叶柄有无等性状不足以作为分种依据。选取1条核基因片段(Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS),和3条叶绿体片段(trnH-psbA,trnL-trnF和trnS-trnG),重建金丝桃科内的系统发育关系,认为惠林花属位于金丝桃属内部,Sect.Ascyreia的物种很好地聚为一支(cpDNA树:PP=1,ITS树:PP=1),并与Sect.Roscyna互为姊妹类群,patulum group的两个物种H.patulum和H.uralum 并没有聚为一支;Sect.Monanthema 与 Sect.Elodeoida互为姊妹类群(cpDNA树:PP=0.98,ITS树:PP=1),且trigonum group 的两个物种H.trigonum和 H.himalacum 聚为一支(cpDNA 树:PP=0.76,ITS 树:PP=0.99)。最终认为 LianthusN.Robson 不成立,恢复Hypericum elliptifolium H.L.Li的分类学地位。本研究最终承认金丝桃科在泛喜马拉雅地区共有1属8组45种4亚种,并依据文献描述、模式标本、野外考察和标本馆研究,对泛喜马拉雅地区金丝桃科物种的特征描述进行了修订;对地理分布、生境、物候期等信息进行了补充;给出了分组、分种检索表,绘制了 49张地理分布区域图。

According to APG IV,Hypericaceae owns more than 500 species in 10 genera,which are widely distributed in the world except for high-altitude,tropical and subtropical areas,with high utility such as horticulture and antidepressant.There are about 500 species in Hypericum since Linnaeus published the genus in 1753.Hypericum in Pan-Himalaya own a high level of variation within species.Due to insufficient research,previous researchers paid too much attention to individual variation and ignored intra-population variation,and few complete records of specimens are available,so there has been no comprehensive and systematic taxonomic revision of Hypericaceae from Pan-Himalaya.Although the systematic position of Lianthus ellipticifolius were not clarified,there has been no study on the systematic position of Lianthus since no specimens have been collected in the past three decadesIn this study,the author researched 86 scientific names in Hypericaceae that have been validly published,and cheeked more than 7 000 specimens from 53 domestic and abroad herbaria.In addition,the team collected more than 800 specimens from about ten population in Qinling mountains of shaanxi,NW Yunnan and S Sichuan,and about 400 molecular samplesIn patulum group,the author observated and measured 744 specimens,and suggested that the characters such as sepals eroded-denticulate,shapes and cpsule length,were uneffective in distinguishing species.In trigonum group,the author observated and measured 413 specimens,and suggested that the characters such as branches and petiolate or sessile,were uneffective in distinguishing speciesThe research selected one nuclear gene(Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS),and three segments of the chloroplast(trnH-psbA,trnL-trnF and trnS-trnG),reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships within the family,considered that Lianthus was inside the Hypericum,Sect.Ascyreia and Sect.Roscyna were sister group,but two species in patulum group,H.patulum and H.uralum,were not in a clade.Sect.Monanthema and Sect.Elodeoida were sister groupThe author re-incorporated Liannthus N.Robson into Hypericum,and reinstated the taxonomic status of Hypericum elliptifolium H.L.Li..There are 45 species and four subspecies in eight sections of one genus(Hypericum)in Pan-Himalaya confirmed,and revised the characteristic description of the species in pan-himalayan region according to the literature description,type specimens,field investigation and herbarium study.The information of geographical distribution,habitat and phenological period were supplemented.49 distribution maps are provided.Key to sections and species are provided.