中文摘要：
圆明园遗址公园是我国第一个考古遗址公园,也是重要的爱国主义教育基地,在我国有着重要地位。现阶段公园已从单一的遗址保护阶段过渡到遗址保护、遗址活化展示和休憩游览并重的阶段。然而,由于圆明园中遗址保护与遗址利用关系的失衡,园区出现了游客空间分布不均,旅游体验单一,游客停留时间较短等问题。游憩设施作为游客游览、体验公园的重要媒介,对其进行合理的布局规划不仅有助于公园更好的发展,也有利于圆明园遗址文化的传播。我国对遗址公园的游憩研究尚处于起步阶段,研究内容大多局限于公园发展战略、遗址保护、遗址阐释等方面,缺少对于遗址公园内游憩设施规划的系统研究,不能满足我国遗址公园建设实践的需求。本文以圆明园遗址公园作为研究对象,通过文献研究、问卷调查、定性定量分析等方法,对公园中的游憩设施布局进行研究,试图为我国遗址公园游憩规划提供技术支撑,文章从以下几个方面展开:第一,梳理国内外公园游憩、遗址公园以及圆明园相关的理论文献及遗址旅游的实践历程,指出我国在遗址公园及游憩规划方面的不足,论证对遗址公园游憩设施布局进行研究的必要性。第二,通过阅读相关文献,整理游憩设施规划的理论基础,并总结国内外游憩设施分类的规范及遗址公园游憩规划案例,提出遗址公园的游憩设施分类以及游憩设施布局方法。第三,以圆明园遗址公园为研究对象,通过实地调研、问卷调查、影像追踪等方法,整理圆明园游憩设施现状、描述游客特征与分布,分析圆明园遗址公园在游憩设施规划布局中存在的问题。第四,结合圆明园各景点的意境及文化主题,将游憩机会谱理论运用到遗址公园,根据各景点的文化主题,按照文化的异质程度,构建文化体验机会谱。并结合遗址保存现状、游憩设施服务半径、游客需求、游客分布现状以及文化体验机会谱,从游憩设施选取、游憩设施形式以及游憩空间布局三个方面提出相应的游憩设施布局导则。
英文摘要：
Yuanmingyuan is China's first archaeological park,is also an important patriotic education base,has an important position in China.At present,the development focus of the park has shifted from the single stage of site protection to the stage of site protection,site activation display and recreation.However,due to the unbalanced relationship between the protection and utilization of ruins in Yuanmingyuan,the park has problems such as uneven spatial distribution of tourists,single tourism experience and short stay time.As an important medium for tourists to visit and experience the park,the reasonable layout of the recreation facilities is not only conducive to the better development of the park,but also conducive to the dissemination of the cultural heritage of Yuanmingyuan.In China,the study on the recreation of heritage parks is still in its initial stage.Most of the research content is limited to the development strategy of parks,site protection,site interpretation and other aspects.There is a lack of systematic research on the planning of recreation facilities in heritage parks,which cannot meet the needs of the construction practice of heritage parks in China.Taking Yuanmingyuan as the research object,this paper studied the layout of recreation facilities in the park through literature research,questionnaire survey,qualitative and quantitative analysis and other methods,in an attempt to provide technical support for the recreation planning of China's ruins park.The paper is carried out from the following aspects:First,the author reviews the relevant theoretical documents on parks and recreation,site parks and Yuanmingyuan at home and abroad and the practical course of site tourism,points out the deficiencies in the planning of site parks and recreation in China,and demonstrates the necessity of studying the layout of site parks and recreation facilities.Second,by reading relevant literature,the author sorted out the theoretical basis of recreation facility planning,summarized the domestic and foreign norms of recreation facility classification and the cases of recreation planning of heritage parks,and proposed the principles of recreation facility classification and layout of heritage parks.Thirdly,taking Yuanmingyuan as the research object,through field research,questionnaire survey,image tracking and other methods,the status quo of recreation facilities in Yuanmingyuan is sorted out,the characteristics and distribution of tourists are described,and the existing problems in the planning and layout of recreation facilities in Yuanmingyuan are analyzed.Fourth,according to the artistic conception and cultural theme of each scenic spot in Yuanmingyuan,the recreational opportunity spectrum theory is applied to the ruins park,and the cultural experience opportunity spectrum is divided according to the cultural theme of each scenic spot and the degree of cultural heterogeneity.Combined with the functions of recreation facilities,the needs of tourists,the distribution characteristics of tourists and the spectrum of cultural experience opportunities,the corresponding guidelines for the layout of recreation facilities are proposed from three aspects: the selection of recreation facilities,the spatial density of recreation facilities and the form of recreation facilities.
